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Gabriela Barszcz, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher and David AebisherMedical College of The University of Rzeszów, PolandPart of the book: The Biochemical Guide to HormonesAbstractInsulin, as an anabolic hormone, plays a key role in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Its reference values are 2.6 – 24.9 µU / ml. The action and stimulation of this hormone is extremely complex and depends on mechanisms originating in many organs. By circulating in the blood, insulin enables the cells to absorb glucose, which lowers blood sugar levels in the bloodstream. The very examination of the insulin level allows to assess the diagnosis of the condition of the endocrine and digestive systems, as well as the general functioning and efficiency of the body. In addition, insulin, getting to the muscles and adipose tissue, supports glucose uptake by contractile fibers and fat cells.Keywords: insulin, LXR, USF1, receptor, amino acids, hormoneReferencesCernea S, Raz I. Insulin Therapy: Future Perspectives. Am. J. Ther. 2020 Jan/Feb;27(1):e121-e132.Moussavi K, Fitter S, Gabrielson S W, Koyfman A, Long B. Management of HyperkalemiaWith Insulin and Glucose: Pearls for the Emergency Clinician. J. Emerg. Med. 2019Jul;57(1):36-42.Pérez A, Ramos A, Carreras G. Insulin Therapy in Hospitalized Patients. Am. J. Ther. 2020Jan/Feb;27(1):e71-e78.Selivanova O M, Grishin S Y, Glyakina A V, Sadgyan A S, Ushakova N I, Galzitskaya OV. Analysis of Insulin Analogs and the Strategy of Their Further Development.Biochemistry (Mosc). 2018 Jan;83(Suppl 1):S146-S162.Sharma A K, Taneja G, Kumar A, Sahu M, Sharma G, Kumar A, Sardana S, Deep A.Insulin analogs: Glimpse on contemporary facts and future prospective. Life Sci. 2019Feb 15;219:90-99.
